Advocacy, Life & Living, Toward better care

it’s taken a pandemic and tens of thousands of deaths for people to get what long-term care advocates have known for decades: the system sucks

The tragedy that is being played out in long-term care facilities (LTCFs) across Canada and around the world as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic comes as no surprise to elder care advocates such as myself.

We have seen the rampant neglect and abuse in LTCFs worldwide, and some of us have been advocating for change for decades. I have been writing this blog for six years, and have documented my own mother’s neglect and abuse including finding her in soiled incontinence briefs (about which I wrote an open letter to Quebec’s then minister of health Gaetan Barrette), being sedated into a comatose state for close to four years, being physically restrained, and more.

Elder care advocates are not alone in knowing about the dire situation in LTC around the world. Care workers know about it, nursing home managers and administrators know about it, and some family members of the neglected and abused know about it too. Elder neglect and abuse in LTCFs have been pervasive for years, and that’s why we’re seeing so many deaths in LTCFs during this pandemic.

Don’t be fooled by what the politicians and government officials are saying now. They would want you to believe that this crisis situation is the result of COVID-19. It’s not. It’s the result of the systemic failure that has been ongoing for a very long time. In Canada, it’s also the result of healthcare officials and politicians not listening to advocates’ warnings about what would happen when COVID-19 reached our country.

Because of the pandemic and the disproportionate toll it’s taking on people living in so-called “care” facilities, the general public is learning the truth: the system sucks.

What everyone also needs to know is the system sucked long before COVID-19 came calling. Here’s what advocates says about the situation in Quebec (the situation is similar across Canada, the US and the UK):



Elder care advocates worldwide have long been fighting for person-centred care that engages people and helps them to live rich and full lives until the end. Research shows this type of care is essential to the well being of older people, particularly those living with dementia. Treating our elders in any other way is criminal, as we are now seeing clearly as they die in their thousands worldwide from COVID-19.

Meanwhile, those responsible point fingers at each other to avoid “holding the bag” as in the case of the Herron “home” in Quebec, Canada.

Here are some of the factors that allow institutional neglect and abuse to continue:

1 ) Ageism & stigma

Ageist views remain widespread (e.g. old people are useless; their lives don’t matter; our job is to warehouse them, not engage them with life). These unhappy myths negatively impact the way we care for elderly people who live in their own homes, in our communities and most particularly in LTCFs.

Many people don’t understand the realities of aging and aged care. Some of the erroneous beliefs include: it doesn’t matter how we treat old people; they don’t know what’s happening; they’re going to die soon anyway; and they are expendable. For example, one member of parliament is said to have implied that since old people in nursing homes are the primary victims of COVID-19, that we should go ahead and re-start the economy.

2 ) Lack of awareness

For the most part, the general public simply does not understand the generally poor conditions that exist in long-term care facilities. Even people who have a family members living in LTCF may not fully understand the conditions under which residents live because they believe what they are told by care workers, administrators and the government. I know from having visited my mother every day for four years that things are rarely what they appear to be. It’s true that some facilities provide good care, but my sense from ongoing research is that they are the exception rather than the rule.

3 ) Poor leadership

Senior executives and medical professionals who manage LTCFs, as well as government policy makers who  are responsible in large part for most of the factors that follow and for the neglect and abuse that result. Being willing to take a hard look at what has been wrong and what is wrong with failing eldercare systems takes courage. Identifying shortcomings and fixing them is a gargantuan task that requires vision, will, energy and commitment. If those kinds of people had been in leadership positions before and were in leadership positions now, we wouldn’t find ourselves with the existing situation: broken facilities full of infected workers and dying residents.

4 ) Lack of training/understanding

The standard of care in any given facility is only as good as the frontline workers who deliver it. Care workers require specialized training and understanding; if they don’t have the skills they need, neglect and abuse are inevitable. Frontline care staff need the encouragement and support of competent, compassionate, visionary leaders to get the job done.

5 ) Low staff-to-resident ratios

How can one care worker attend to the needs of eight to ten or even more residents and do it to a reasonable standard? It’s not possible. And yet, those are the kinds of care worker to resident ratios that prevail in most LTCFs. It’s no wonder neglect and abuse are pervasive. The situation has reached a crisis level with the COVID-19 pandemic.

6 ) Warehouse-like environments

There have been recent innovations in design including dementia villages, small group homes, and facilities in which childcare and eldercare are combined. While these approaches have proven successful, organizations that apply them are still relatively few and far between. Most facilities are not designed to meet resident needs, but rather to maximize operational efficiency. Calling a warehouse a “village,” a “manor,” or a “specialized memory care unit,” does not change the essence of what it is.

7 ) Dis-incentivized workers

Care workers tend to be poorly trained and poorly paid, and overworked because of low staff-to-resident ratios; they are often ill treated, and unappreciated. Many are given part-time work at any given facility, and must therefore work at several facilities to make ends meet, a fact that has contributed to the rapid spread of outbreaks in nursing homes across Canada.

8 ) Uncaring cultures

All of the factors above lead to UNcare cultures in which profit comes first, people come last and the status quo is never questioned, or, if and when it is, complainers and whistleblowers are quickly silenced, dismissed, or disavowed. Staff become demoralized, complacent, cynical and hardened to preserve their own sanity. Negative UNcare cultures that have become entrenched are hard to change.

9 ) Ineffective “policing”

Regulatory bodies may be stretched beyond capacity. Substandard operations/practices may be difficult to identify because of the way inspections are done (e.g. prior notice of visits results in things being “spit and polish” for inspecting eyes), and offending institutions may remain open and operating despite substandard performance and long lists of regulation breaches and/or regulatory infractions.

10 ) The bottom line

Cost-saving, cost-cutting, and the pursuit of profit are deemed more important than providing vulnerable elders with the care they need and deserve. Residents and families are powerless to change the system to which they have fallen victim.

It’s time to take a closer look at this tragic and completely unacceptable state of affairs, demand research into the nature and prevalence of neglect and abuse in long-term care, and most important, to immediately implement action plans to stop it. Class action suits such as these are a step in the right direction.

Perhaps this pandemic will finally open people’s eyes to the horrors of long-term “care” in Canada and around the world. But oh what a heavy price to pay for the potential of change!

6 reasons why staff in long-term care facilities don’t report incidents of elder abuse and neglect

25 practices long-term care workers know are elder neglect and abuse; it’s time to put a stop to it

3 more reasons family and friends of people who live with dementia in long-term care facilities don’t report abuse and neglect

3 reasons family and friends of people who live with dementia in long-term care facilities don’t report abuse and neglect

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Challenges & Solutions, Resources, Toward better care

20 things that are not shut down, quarantined, cancelled or kept at a distance when we deal with challenges such as pandemics and dementia

Friday March 20, 2020: To say these are challenging times is a massive understatement. But we have all been through challenging times, as individuals, as communities, as nations.

Yet, so far, we have managed to survive as individuals, and as a species. We have what it takes to get through seemingly impossible challenges, especially when we work together.

Dementia care partners everywhere know that to be a fact. We have learned what it takes to survive and thrive on a day-to-day basis – sometimes even a moment-to-moment basis! Unbelievably, many of us have discovered joy and inspiration along the way.

We can make it through this pandemic. Dementia care partners worldwide know we can, because we’ve learned how to deal with stuff like this. It’s part of the territory. Yes, there will be seemingly unbearable loss and grief. But those too are part of the territory. Part of being human.

20 things that are not shut down, quarantined, cancelled or kept at a distance when we deal with challenges such as pandemics and dementia
  1. Love
  2. Hope
  3. Resilience
  4. Courage
  5. Determination
  6. Ingenuity
  7. Creativity
  8. Music
  9. Connection
  10. Caring
  11. Compassion
  12. Relationships
  13. Interdependence
  14. Empathy
  15. Faith
  16. Curiosity
  17. Laughter
  18. Kindness
  19. Generosity
  20. Ferocity

This post was inspired by Jamie Tworkowski, who blogs here.

17 links to the “other side” of dementia

a prayer for those who care worldwide

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Challenges & Solutions, Resources, Toward better care

20 questions to ask yourself when someone who lives with dementia wants to “go home” or tries to escape wherever they are

Wanting to “go home” is a desire often expressed by people who live with Alzheimer disease and/or other types of dementia, even when they are in their own homes. Not being able to fulfill a loved one’s desire “go home” can be incredibly frustrating for care partners who would certainly take their family member living with dementia “home” if only they could.

In the early days of being a care partner to my mom, I didn’t know what to do when she said “I want to go home.” She would have her little bag packed with random stuff, and be ready to go out the door.

“But Mom, we are home,” I would say. “Look, Mom, this is your furniture, these are your carpets, those are your pictures on the wall. We are home!”

When she wasn’t convinced, the conversation would get more heated as we stood arguing in the kitchen, den, or living room of her big red brick house on the hill, until I sometimes heard myself yelling at her in exasperation “Where is home then, if it’s not here?”

I soon learned that arguing with her didn’t work. It was a waste of time and energy. It left both of us emotionally drained, and no further ahead. Eventually, I found different solutions to “I want to go home,” as well as other challenges. One solutions was to put myself in her shoes, to see her reality rather than my own.

What I discovered through self-reflection, observation and my own research is the behaviour we find challenging in people who live with dementia is behaviour we would likely exhibit ourselves in similar circumstances.

20 questions to ask yourself when someone who lives with dementia wants to “go home” or tries to escape wherever they are
  1. When you find yourself in an environment that makes you anxious or uncomfortable, what do you do?
  2. How would you feel if you were kidnapped? What would you do?
  3. If you found yourself in a place that that was too hot, too cold, or too noisy, what would you do?
  4. If were taken from your home by people you didn’t know, and put in a strange place full of crazy people, what would you do?
  5. Where do you want to go or be when you feel tired, overwrought, out of sorts, out of place, lonely, scared or overwhelmed by everything?
  6. How important is it to your well-being to feel like you belong somewhere? Where do you feel your greatest sense of belonging?
  7. How long can you stay in one place without wanting to go somewhere else? Hours? Days? Weeks? Months? Years?
  8. If someone locked you in your house and told you that you could never leave, how would you feel?
  9. As a child, did you ever fall and hurt yourself while playing outside? Where did your instinct tell you to go for safety and security?
  10. Have you ever run away from a problem, a place or a situation? When? Why?
  11. Do you ever feel like you just have to leave when things get too much for you to bear?
  12. Do you sometimes just want everything to be other than the way it is?
  13. Do you take holidays and vacations away from home? How does it feel to be away? How does it feel to be away when everything seems to go wrong?
  14. How do you feel when you return home after a holiday, vacation or long visit with friends or family?
  15. In general, where do you prefer to be most of the time: in your own home or someone else’s home?
  16. In general where do you feel most comfortable and in control: in your own home or someone else’s?
  17. What feelings does the word “home” evoke for you?
  18. Given the choice, when you feel tired or sick, would you rather be at home or somewhere else?
  19. Do you sometimes long to be somewhere other than where you are?
  20. When do you most appreciate being “at home” wherever that is or whatever it means to you?

It’s no wonder people living with dementia want to go home…

13 expert tips to help with “I want to go home.”

“wandering” is not a symptom of dementia

 

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Advocacy, Challenges & Solutions, Toward better care

stories of family members being banned and restricted by long-term care facilities make canadian national news

On February 26, 2015, I received a registered letter from the facility in which my mom had resided for two and a half years requesting that I limit my visits to my mother to between the hours of 1 p.m and 3 p.m. on Monday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday and Sunday, and from 2:30 p.m. to 4:30 p.m. on Tuesdays.

Mom loved to have afternoon tea in the living room with me. Tea was from 3 p.m. to 5 p.m. The restrictions meant we would only be able to have tea together once a week on Tuesdays instead of every day as we had been accustomed to do. She also got a great deal of joy from Thursday morning sing-alongs; we would no longer be able to attend those either.

Furthermore, Mom was normally in a sedated antipsychotic sleep each day until about 3 p.m., which meant she would be sleeping during the time I was “allowed” to visit. I asked for the hours to be changed. My request was refused.

Denying family members access to the people they love is a form of abuse. The abuse and the number of people who are subjected to it in Canada is finally coming to light because of advocates like me, Mary, and Tanni. See our stories in the videos and links below.

The story ran on the CBC’s website, and also topped the soft news portion of CBC’s The National on Friday, November 22, 2019.

Please contact Marketplace if you have a similar story to share.

four years later is too late for my mom. but it’s not for others.

3 more reasons family and friends of people who live with dementia in long-term care facilities don’t report abuse and neglect

6 reasons why staff in long-term care facilities don’t report incidents of elder abuse and neglect

25 practices long-term care workers know are elder neglect and abuse; it’s time to put a stop to it

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Advocacy, Challenges & Solutions, Toward better care

7 reasons why physicians continue to prescribe antipsychotic drugs to people who live with dementia when they shouldn’t

There is irrefutable evidence that prescribing antipsychotic drugs to people who live with dementia does more harm than good in most cases. These drugs are NOT approved for use in dementia care in most countries.

So why are physicians still prescribing these medications to people who live with dementia?

Because physicians:

  1. are often pressured by care partners, family members and/or care workers and nurses to provide a “magic pill” that will fix situations that care partners, family members and care workers find challenging
  2. don’t know any better and/or are irresponsible
  3. don’t understand that the behaviour family members and care workers find challenging is, in most cases, NOT caused by dementia but rather by factors anyone would find stressful and distressing
  4. aren’t aware that non-pharmacological interventions are more effective than drugs in changing behaviour of people living with dementia that dementia care partners and care workers find challenging
  5. don’t have time to properly counsel dementia care partners, care workers and others in effective non-drug interventions
  6. don’t fully understand the negative impact and harmful side effects that antipsychotic drugs have on people who live with dementia
  7. believe (erroneously!) that they are doing the right thing

#BanBPSD #educatecarepartners #educatephysicians #educatenurses #educatecareworkers

101 potential causes of behaviour by people living with dementia that institutional care staff may find challenging

20 compelling reasons to rethink the way we label and medicalise the behaviour of people who live with dementia #BanBPSD

40+ seroquel side effects

 

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Advocacy, Challenges & Solutions, Inspiration, Toward better care

australian care worker wendy carr proves you can teach an old nurse new tricks

Sometimes I lose hope that dementia care will ever change. It often feels as if we’re going backward instead of forward. Then someone such as Wendy Carr inspires me and renews my hope.

When Wendy began commenting on the My Alzheimer’s Story’s Facebook page in 2018, I was struck by her practical wisdom (see one of her quotes below). It was clear from her comments that she worked in a long-term care facility, and that she was keen to create change. I wanted to know more about her, because we need people like Wendy “on the ground,” changing the system and making a difference in the lives of people who live with dementia in care facilities right now.

I connected with Wendy, and asked her to tell me more about herself; here’s what she wrote:

I was a Registered Nurse (RN), with experience in Theatre, Ophthalmology, Aged Care and Psychiatry. I left work to care for my sister, then my mum, and then, sadly, my husband. They all wanted to die at home, not in a hospital or palliative care setting. We were able to do this with a huge amount of assistance from Little Haven, a not-for-profit we have in my area. It was a privilege for me to care for my family members at home until they died, although it was emotionally very difficult – much more so for me than if they had been in a hospital or care home. For people to die at home is almost taboo here in Australia, so those who wish to go that route have little support. My Welsh background views death differently I think.

‪Because I was out of paid nursing for so long while caring for my family members, I would have had to retake full training to become registered again. Financially, with three children, that was impossible. So I returned to Aged Care as a Nursing Assistant, and was offered a position in the dementia unit. It is brilliant work, albeit at poor wages. One of the things I most appreciate about being a nursing assistant is that it’s the best place to initiate change. I also love the fact that I work so closely with the residents rather than attending to RN duties that often preclude the building of the vitally important relationships with the people we care for. I could return to university now, but I’m having way too much fun in this assistant role.

I work in a large one-hundred-and-sixty bed, purpose-built facility, which is amazing for a small country town in Queensland, Australia. The facility is set in a beautiful bush environment, and is transitioning from a task-oriented to a person-centred care model. Moving to understand the person’s reality is a hard concept for some carers to grasp. Many still believe any and all behaviours are caused by “the dementia” and cannot be altered or understood, so meds or restraints are still “go to” options when staff members are challenged by the behaviour of some residents. Australia has new laws to address the use of chemical and physical restraints in aged care, which is going to be a huge breakthrough. That said, it’s relatively easy to find loop holes. As with most laws, time will tell. I must admit I am impatient with the slow pace of change.

‪I have worked at this centre for seven years. It is a not-for-profit, and doing an amazing job. I prefer working night shifts. Although there is traditionally less staff at night, it can be the best time to build close relationships with residents. Nighttime “behaviours” require a complete reset of our own headspace!

‪In short, person-centred care (or wholistic nursing as I call it), is finally making inroads, and practices are starting to change. I’m old, but I’m so glad this shift is happening because my desire to provide this kind of care is one of the reasons I became a nurse forty years ago.

Your page is so helpful in redefining attitudes especially as you had first-hand experience caring for your mother. You have helped me to realise I’m not completely mad in thinking we can do this better. Together, we can create a more positive experience for people who live with dementia, care workers and family care partners.”

We need more advocates such as Wendy Carr and Joanna LaFleur in dementia care to create new care models from the ground up! Thanks Wendy and Joanna for helping to change the face of dementia care worldwide.

7 ways to improve dementia care in less than three minutes

7 paths to better dementia care

20 paths to dementia care homes away from home

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Care Partnering, Challenges & Solutions, Real life, Resources

5 things that may help when you and/or your care partner feel lost and confused

During the first two years Mom was in dementia jail, she was still able to walk. I would often bring her to my house (which was a three-minute drive up the hill), for supper, a music session or just to hang out.

We would talk about everything from soup to nuts. Sometimes our conversations were light and airy, sometimes they were emotional and difficult. When they were the latter, I made a special effort to be with her in whatever space she was in so we would be connected.

My life experience has taught me that some stuff can’t be fixed, no matter how hard you try to make it better. And as a care partner, I learned that people who live with dementia are human beings with feelings just like the rest of us. They struggle just like the rest of us. They want to succeed just like the rest of us.

When Mom and I struggled, we supported each other. We found these five things helped us get through tough times (maybe they’ll work for you too):

  1. Hold hands
  2. Cry together
  3. Do what you believe is the right thing
  4. Do the best you can
  5. Share chocolate

Here’s a real life example / demonstration from a conversation Mom and I had on April 10, 2013. I had brought her to my place for supper. We were struggling, and we didn’t know what to do:

we all go through rough patches. here’s one thing that can help us get to the other side.

doing the right thing when everything seems wrong

Take my short survey on behaviour here.

Challenges & Solutions, Inspiration, Music, Resources, Toward better care

they took away his cutlery and gave him drumsticks – he loved it!

Yes, there are solutions to addressing situations and behaviour that care partners and care workers find challenging. In most cases finding a solution involves thinking out of the box, which is what the staff at this gentleman’s care home did. He wanted to tap and clap, which people around found disturbing. Staff were stumped initially, but then they came up with an innovative solution as shown in the video below.

Here’s the explanation behind the video, which I found on the Center for Applied Dementia Research’s Facebook page:

This is an outstanding application of a “Responsive Behavior” Assessment. Our partners at Mt. Bachelor Memory Care sent us this video with the following message: “This individual has a habit of clapping his hands or rapidly tapping silverware on the table. Staff were making him wear gloves and taking his silverware away and replacing it with plastic, this caused him to disengage. I worked with the team using the form and this is what we came up.” [Shared with permission]

The innovative team at Mt. Bachelor looked at an individual’s behavior, understood it as a response to a need, and found an alternative to meet that need which is appropriate and meaningful. Rather than allowing the person to retreat or disconnect, they adapted the environment to everyone’s benefit. Well done!

Frontier Management‘s Mt. Bachelor Memory Care is a Gold Credentialed Montessori Inspired Lifestyle Community in Bend, OR. The commitment and care shown here demonstrates why they deserve that award.

The “form” they refer to above was developed by the Center for Applied Dementia Research, and is part of their training in the Montessori approach to dementia care.

101 activities you can enjoy with a person living with alzheimers dementia

5 things I never knew until I sang with my alzheimer mom

10 tips to make the most of music in dementia care

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Advocacy, Antipsychotic drugs, Toward better care

brilliant lol take on old folk tune strikes powerful paradigm-shifting chord

Wow! Bravo to gerontologist, author, and dementia care advocate Dr. Al Power who teamed up with Heather Luth, Dementia Program Coordinator at Schlegel Villages, to produce this superb parody of how the behaviour of people with dementia is mislabelled by those who subscribe to the damaging artificial construct of so-called Behavioural and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia (BPSD).

I’ve provided lots of my own research and evidence proving without a doubt that the artificial construct of BPSD is misleading, counterproductive and just plain wrong. Now, Al and Heather illustrate it simply, humourously, and powerfully with a two-minute tune and a dozen flashcards they put together for Dementia Alliance International’s participation in the 2019 World Rocks Against Dementia event.

Enjoy!

take off the blindfolds and #BanBPSD: an open letter to the worldwide dementia community

7 problems with BPSD

101 potential causes of behaviour by people living with dementia that institutional care staff may find challenging

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Advocacy, Antipsychotic drugs, Toward better care

like one flew over the cuckoo’s nest

I should have known better than to invite my photographer friend Edith to do a day-in-the-life photoshoot of Mom and I on a Friday.

I had intended for Edith to capture in images the wonderful time Mom had when I brought her to my place for lunch or dinner. I wanted to show how well she was able to function, how she helped me make lunch, how close we were, how capable she was, and how much we enjoyed spending time together.

But Friday was bath day. That meant Mom was more likely to be even more drugged than usual. Why? Because she “resisted” being undressed and put in the noisy whirlpool bath with a sling-like lift that must have frightened her. Sometimes she resisted “violently,” just as 98 per cent of “normal” people would under similar circumstances (per my Short Survey on Behaviour).
Adding fuel to the fire was Betsy,* the nurse who gave the baths; she was as mean as a junkyard dog. I don’t recall ever seeing her smile during my four years of daily visits to Mom’s dementia jail. On several occasions, she mocked Mom right in front of me; in one instance making fun of the fact that Mom had to pull herself along with her feet in the wheelchair to which she eventually became confined. Mom wasn’t the only resident I witnessed being subjected to Betsy’s abuse, and one of the care workers confided in me that she would sooner send her mother to hell than place her in a home that Betsy worked in.

Betsy was close to six feet tall, and solid. Real solid. They called her “the sergeant major.” Mom, on the other hand, was five foot two, osteoporosis having shrunk her a couple of inches in the previous decade. She was in her mid-eighties, living with dementia, and sedated with antipsychotic drugs because some of the staff–the ones who failed to engage her in ways that worked for her–found her challenging.

Mom’s bath time aggression was carefully recorded in the nurses’ notes I got copies of when I launched a legal bid to get control of her care in August 2013.

On April 12, 2013, for example, Betsy wrote:

Then a week later:

Hmmmm. So it wasn’t okay for Mom to call out for help when she felt threatened, and under attack, but it was perfectly fine for Betsy to do so?

I know Mom’s reactions could have been prevented with the right approach; I know it with one hundred per cent certainty. But Betsy either didn’t know the right approach, didn’t have time to use it or didn’t want to use it. Caroline or I helped Mom shower every morning for more than a year, and Mom never hit, slapped, kicked or pinched either of us. Ever. Sometimes she was slightly reluctant, saying she didn’t need a shower (for example), but we always managed to convince her, and the process always unfolded without incident. In fact, mostly it was a pleasant experience for her and for us. But Betsy didn’t use the right approach, and everything went pear shaped as a result.

Of course Mom and dementia were blamed for the “bad bath time behaviour,” and when things got really out of control, they gave her an extra dose of whatever to subdue her. That’s why and how she ended up like this on that failed photoshoot Friday in 2014:

This video of my catatonic mom haunts me. I can’t imagine anyone watching it without being shocked, even horrified. It reminds me of the final scenes of One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest in which Jack Nicholson’s “troublemaker” character Randle McMurphy is made vegetative after being lobotomized. I remember crying when, out of love and compassion, McMurphy’s big native friend (Chief) kills him by smothering him with a pillow. I never dreamed I would one day see the same vacant look in my mother’s eyes.

We don’t lobotomize people anymore–for good reason. As one writer puts it:

“It was a barbarous procedure with catastrophic consequences, and yet it was once widely accepted and even earned a Portuguese doctor a Nobel Prize. In the annals of medical history, it stands out as one of medicine’s biggest mistakes and an example of how disastrously things can go wrong when a treatment is put into widespread use before it has been adequately tested.”

Maybe one day we will also stop giving antipsychotic drugs to people living with dementia for the same undeniable reasons, and they won’t be tortured and abused like my mother was for the last four years of her life.

#BanBPSD

*not her real name

7 reasons i post “ugly” pictures of my amazing mom on social media

drugs, not dementia, robbed me of my mom and her of her mind

four years later is too late for my mom. but it’s not for others.

101 potential causes of behaviour by people living with dementia that institutional care staff may find challenging

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